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Court Rules That Inability To Understand The English Language May Form the Basis For Total Disability Under The Odd-Lot Doctrine But Also Finds Petitioner’s Proofs To Be Lacking

By on January 2, 2020 in Awards, NJ Workers' Comp with 0 Comments

There are few appellate division cases on the odd-lot doctrine in workers’ compensation, and there are next to none on lack of proficiency in English as a sole factor for odd-lot unemployability.  For this reason it is worth reviewing the recent decision in Avendano v. Target Corporation, A-1609-18T2 (App. Div. December 17, 2019).  

In this case, Avendano suffered serious injuries.  She received an award of 55% permanent partial disability credit 15% for previous loss of function and then reopened the case to obtain an award of 75% credit 55%.  About six months later she reopened the case a second time claiming that she was totally and permanently disabled under the odd-lot doctrine in part because she struggled with the English language and therefore could not find work.  The odd-lot doctrine may permit a judge to find total and permanent disability where an employee obtains an award of permanent partial disability of 75% or more but is unemployable due to factors like advanced age, language difficulties and limited job skills.

The trial consisted of testimony by petitioner as well as testimony by vocational experts on both sides, but there was no medical testimony for reasons not made entirely clear in the decision.  Petitioner stressed on direct examination that she does not speak or understand English.  She testified through an interpreter.  She said that it is very hard for her to read or write English.  She did admit on direct examination that she enrolled in college to learn English but stated that she did not complete the course.

The cross examination of petitioner won the case for Target.  Petitioner admitted that she told the IME doctors for Target that she had attained a level two proficiency in English as a second language classes.  She admitted that she was evaluated by the Target IME doctors without a Spanish interpreter.  She admitted that she passed the citizenship test in English test nine years prior to her testimony.  She also admitted receiving an accounting degree in her native Columbia before coming to the United States.

The Judge of Compensation observed that petitioner answered some questions before the court interpreter finished translation.  The Judge of Compensation did not find petitioner to be credible in her assertion that her lack of knowledge of English contributed to her total and permanent disability.  The judge was also unimpressed with petitioner’s vocational expert because the expert would not change his position on totality even when confronted with evidence that petitioner obtained an intermediate proficiency level in English.  The judge noted as well that the petitioner’s vocational expert failed to review petitioner’s testimony before testifying in court and failed to review certain medical reports.

For these reasons the Judge of Compensation rejected the application for total and permanent disability and left the award at 75%.  Avendano appealed, and the Appellate Division affirmed.  “In determining whether a petitioner is totally disabled under the odd-lot doctrine a judge of compensation may therefore consider the petitioner’s education, training, age, background and substantial ‘unlikelihood of finding employment, absent a charitable employer.’”   The court elaborated on the aspect of difficulty with the English language as a basis for application of the odd-lot doctrine.  “Relevant here, inability to understand the English language can provide the basis for application of the odd-lot doctrine.”

The case is worthy of review because the decision recognizes that inability to understand the English language can provide the basis for an award of total and permanent disability where the injured worker has an award of 75% or higher.  This may be the only modern appellate level case that has specifically focused on lack of proficiency in English as a basis for the odd-lot doctrine.  Unfortunately for petitioner, her testimony did not persuade the judge that she actually had a serious problem understanding the English language given the admissions she made on cross examination.

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About the Author

About the Author:

John H. Geaney, Esq. is a Shareholder and Co-Chair of Capehart Scatchard's Workers' Compensation Group. Mr. Geaney began an email newsletter entitled “Currents in Workers’ Compensation, ADA and FMLA” in 2001 in order to keep clients and readers informed on leading developments in these three areas of law. Since that time he has written over 500 newsletter updates.

Mr. Geaney is the author of Geaney’s New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Manual for Practitioners, Adjusters & Employers. The Manual is distributed by the New Jersey Institute for Continuing Legal Education (NJICLE). He also authored an ADA and FMLA Manual also distributed by NJICLE. If you are interested in purchasing “Geaney’s New Jersey Workers’ Compensation Manual for Practitioners, Adjusters & Employers,” please contact NJICLE at 732-214-8500 or visit their website at www.njicle.com.

Mr. Geaney represents employers in the defense of workers’ compensation, ADA and FMLA matters. He is a Fellow of the College of Workers’ Compensation Lawyers of the American Bar Association. He is one of two firm representatives to the National Workers’ Compensation Defense Network.

A graduate of Holy Cross College summa cum laude, Mr. Geaney obtained his law degree from Boston College Law School.

Mr. Geaney was selected to the “New Jersey Super Lawyer” list (2005-2017, 2021 in the area of Workers’ Compensation). Only 5% of attorneys are selected to “Super Lawyers” through a peer nominated process based on independent research and peer evaluation. The Super Lawyers list is issued by Thomson Reuters. For a description of the “Super Lawyers” selection methodology, please visit https://www.superlawyers.com/about/selection_process.html

For the years 2022-2024 Mr. Geaney was selected for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America® list in the practice area of Workers’ Compensation Law - Employers. The attorneys on this list are selected based upon the consensus opinion of leading lawyers about the professional abilities of their colleagues within the same geographical area and legal practice area. A complete description of The Best Lawyers in America® methodology can be viewed via their website at https://www.bestlawyers.com/methodology.

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Capehart Scatchard is a full service law firm with offices in Mt. Laurel and Hamilton, New Jersey. The firm represents employers and businesses in a wide variety of areas, including workers’ compensation, civil litigation, labor, environmental, business, estates and governmental affairs.

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